| Neck |
Origin
|
Insertion
|
Action
|
Notes
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| Sternocleidomastoid |
Manubrium of sternum, medial 1/3
of clavicle |
Mastoid processes
of temporal bone |
Unilaterally- Lateral flexion
to same side and rotation to opposite side
Bilaterally- flexion of head and neck |
Laying prone -Turn head to side
and have client lift head toward ceiling; SCM’s will pop out |
| Platysma |
Fascia covering superior part
of pectoralis major and deltoid |
Edge of mandible,
skin of lower part
of face |
Assists in depressing mandible
and tightens the fascia of neck depresses lower lip. |
|
| Scalenes-anterior , medius, posterior |
Anterior- transverse processes
C3-C6
Middle- transverse processes of C2-C7
Posterior- Transverse processes of C5-C7 |
Anterior- first rib
Middle- first rib
Posterior- second rib |
Bilaterally – elevate ribs during
inhalation
Unilaterally- with rib fixed, laterally flexes the neck,
rotates head and neck to opposite side
Anterior- flexes the neck |
Brachial plexus and subclavian
artery pass between the middle and anterior scalene. |
| Longissumus Capitis |
C3-C6 transverse processses |
Base of occipital bone |
Flexion of head |
|
| Splenius capitis |
Spinous processes of C7-T3 |
Mastoid process of
temporal bone and
superior nuchal
line of occiput |
Bilaterally- extends neck and
head
Unilaterally- rotates the head to the same side |
Palpate between trapezius and
SCM above levator scapula.
Wrap around deeper neck muscles. |
| Splenius cervicis |
Spinous processes of T3-T6 |
Transverse processes
of C1-C4 |
Bilaterally-extends neck
Unilaterally- Rotates head to same side |
|
| Suprahyoids |
Styloid process, underside of
mandible |
Hyoid bone |
Elevate hyoid and tongue, depress
mandible |
Important in chewing, swallowing
and speaking. |
| Infrahyoids |
Manubrium, superior border of
scapula |
Hyoid bone,
thyroid cartilage |
Depresses (pulls downward) hyoid
bone and thyroid cartilage |
|
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| Head |
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| Sub occipital muscles |
|
|
|
|
| Occipitofrontalis |
Galea aponeurotica (broad sheath
of connective tissue that stretches across the cranium)
Skin over eyebrows
Superior nuchal line of occiput |
Galea aponeurotica
Skin over eyebrows
Superior nuchal l
ine of occiput |
Raises eyebrows and wrinkles forehead
Anchors and retracts the galea posteriorly |
Creates expression of "Surprise" |
| Temporalis |
Lateral surface of the temporal
bone (temporal fossa and temporal fascia) |
Mandible (coronoid
process and ramus) |
Elevates and retracts mandible;
Clenches teeth |
Active in TMJ problems, tooth
grinding and headaches |
| Masseter |
Zygomatic arch |
Ramus and angle
of mandible |
Elevates mandible in chewing,
Closes jaw and assists in protraction. Clenches teeth. |
Strongest muscle in proportion
to its size. |
| Buccinator |
Maxilla, mandible |
Lips |
Maintains cheeks near teeth and
food in position for chewing |
|
| Pterygoids –lateral |
Upper head: from infratemporal
surfce of greater wing of sphenoid
Lower head: from lateral surface of lateral ptergoid plate |
Front of neck
of mandibular
condyle and
capsule of
mandibular joint |
Protrudes mandible, pulls articular
disc forward, assists in rotary motion while chewing. |
Active in TMJ, tooth grinding
and headaches |
| Pterygoids- medial |
Medial surface of lateral pterygoid
plate and pyramidal process of palatine bone, small slip from tuberosity
of maxilla |
Lower and back
part of medial
surface of ramus
and angle of mandible |
Protracts and elevates lower jaw,
assists in rotary motion while chewing. |
Active in TMJ, tooth grinding
and headaches. |
| Orbicularis oculi |
Medial portions of orbit |
Skin of eyelids |
Closes the eye |
|
| Orbicularis oris |
Maxilla, mandible, lips, buccinatior |
Mucous membranes,
muscles inserting
into lips |
Closes lips |
|
