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Behaviorism
Cognitive Theories
Humanistic Theory
Motivation to Learn
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Humanistic "theories" of learning tend to
be highly value-driven and hence more like prescriptions
rather than descriptions.
- It follows from this, they maintain, that learners
need to be empowered and to have control over the learning
process.
- So the teacher relinquishes a great deal of authority
and becomes a facilitator.
The school is particularly associated with Carl Rogers,
and Abraham Maslow
(psychologists), John Holt
(child education) and Malcolm Knowles
(adult education and proponent of andragogy). Insofar as he
emphasises experiential learning, one could also include Kolb
among the humanists as well as the cognitive theorists.
While the tenor of humanistic theory is generally wishy-washy
liberal, its approach also underlies the more committed
stance of “transformative learning”
(Mezirow) and “conscientization” (Freire).
My heart is with humanistic theory, but I
sometimes find it hard to make connections with the reality
of routine practice. Its most fertile ground is with intrinsically
motivated adult learners. It is not as potent now as it was
in the '70s, when it often seemed to be used as an excuse for
the abrogation of the realistic authority of the teacher—or
perhaps we have just become more mature in our use of it. As
the politicized variants show, it poses considerable challenges
not only to approaches to teaching, but also to the construction
of the curriculum as a whole. As society has become more fragmented
and "post-modern", these challenges have become even
more problematic.
http://www.ed.gov/databases/
ERIC_Digests/ed423426.html
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Figures in Humanistic models of Learning
Carl Rogers
(1902-1987) Principally known as the founder of person-centered
psychotherapy and almost inventor of counseling, also a
leading figure in the development of humanistic approaches
to education. See Rogers
(1980)In the field of adult learning, do not confuse with Alan
Rogers, or Jennifer Rogers!
http://tip.psychology.org/
rogers.html
http://www.infed.org.uk/thinkers/
et-rogers.htm
Paulo Freire(1921-1997) Brazilian educationalist: pioneer of adult
literacy programs as a means of raising the consciousness
(conscientization) of South American peasants and
urban underclass. Critic of the "banking" model
of education, in which the elite own and construct the knowledge,
and the poor are excluded. Very influential in
politicized
adult education. Not easy to read. See Freire
(1972)
http://www.freire.org/pfreire.html
Original content updated and hosted at
www.learningandteaching.info/learning/
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